[Oral hygiene of children and adolescents participating in the dental examination program]. / État bucco-dentaire des jeunes participant au dispositif de l'examen bucco-dentaire (EBD).

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to analyse the dental care needs of young people aged 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 years based on dental examination, assess their compliance with the dental care programme and improvement of their dental status during the nine months following the dental examination programme, in 2007 and 2010. METHODS: Comparative study of two random samples of young people derived from twenty representative funds of the general national health insurance scheme: first sample of 24,151 young people in whom a dental examination was performed between 1st May and 31 July 2007, and a second sample of 24,768 young people in whom a dental examination was performed during the same period in 2010. RESULTS: The proportion of young people aged 9, 12, 15 and 18 years not requiring dental care and free of caries increased significantly between 2007 and 2010, in the context of the dental examination programme, and the DMF index (number of decayed, missing and filled teeth) decreased for all ages. Regardless of age, the proportion of children requiring dental care and who completed this care following the dental examination programme was not significantly different between the two years. The proportion of 15-year-olds and 18-year-olds requiring dental care, but who failed to complete dental care decreased significantly between 2007 and 2010. Regardless of age, nine months after the dental examination programme, the caries index declined significantly in 2007 and 2010. CONCLUSION: The dental status of young people with caries who participated in the dental examination programme globally improved with generally good compliance with their dental care programme. The current challenge is to include populations with more severe caries in this programme.

Seasonal variation in biomass and carbohydrate partitioning of understory sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) seedlings.

We investigated seasonal patterns of biomass and carbohydrate partitioning in relation to shoot growth phenology in two age classes of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) seedlings growing in the understory of a partially harvested forest. The high root:shoot biomass ratio and carbohydrate concentration of sugar maple are characteristic of species with truncated growth patterns (i.e., cessation of aboveground shoot growth early in the growing season), a conservative growth strategy and high shade tolerance. The low root:shoot biomass ratio and carbohydrate concentration of yellow birch are characteristic of species with continuous growth patterns, an opportunistic growth strategy and low shade tolerance. In both species, starch represented up to 95% of total nonstructural carbohydrates and was mainly found in the roots. Contrary to our hypothesis, interspecific differences in shoot growth phenology (i.e., continuous versus truncated) did not result in differences in seasonal patterns of carbohydrate partitioning. Our results help explain the niche differentiation between sugar maple and yellow birch in temperate, deciduous understory forests.

The impact of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on young Acer saccharum seedlings.

The effects of high O3 (200 nl l-1 during the light period) and high CO2 (650 &mgr;l l-1 CO2, 24 h a day) alone and in combination were studied on 45-day-old sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings for 61 days in growth chambers. After 2 months of treatment under the environmental conditions of the experiment, sugar maple seedlings did not show a marked response to the elevated CO2 treatment: the effect of high CO2 on biomass was only detected in the leaves which developed during the treatment, and assimilation rate was not increased. Under high O3 at ambient CO2, assimilation rate at days 41 and 55 and Rubisco content at day 61 decreased in the first pair of leaves; total biomass was reduced by 43%. In these seedlings large increases (more than 2-fold) in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) activity and in anaplerotic CO2 fixation by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) were observed, suggesting that an enhanced reducing power and carbon skeleton production was needed for detoxification and repair of oxidative damage. Under high O3 at elevated CO2, a stimulation of net CO2 assimilation was observed after 41 days but was no longer observed at day 55. However, at day 61, the total biomass was only reduced by 21% and stimulation of G6PDH and PEPC was less pronounced than under high O3 at ambient CO2. This suggests that high CO2 concentration protects, to some extent, against O3 by providing additional carbon and energy through increased net assimilation.

A double blind randomized placebo controlled study of cholera treatment with highly diluted and succussed solutions

A pilot study of homoeopathic treatment of cholera during an epidemic in Peru appeared to show that it was effective. A subsequent double blind study showed no difference betwen active homoeopathic treatment and placebo treatment. Various technical problems were encountered

Colera y medicina homeopatica: la experiencia del Peru / Cholera and homeopathic medicine: the Peru experience

La organizacion HOMEOPATHES SANS FRONTIERES inicio en marzo de 1991 un programa de ayuda a los afectados por la epidemia de colera de Peru, que ha durado, en diversos periodos, hasta la primavera de 1992. El tratamiento homeopatico se realizo en combinacion con la rehidratacion. En el transcurso de la mision se realizo un protocolo de estudio con el objetivo de evaluar la importancia del uso de los medicamentos homeopaticos en asociacion con la rehidratacion en el tratamiento del colera, cuyos resultados estan actualmente en curso de analisis en la Universidad de Montpellier

La lepre, le regard du medecin homeopathe / The leprosy, the view of homeopathic doctor

Maladie de repartition mondiale, la lepre affecte environ douze a quinze millions d'individus, dont les deux tiers vivent en region tropicale (quatre millions en Afrique, quatre millions en Inde et Asie du Sud-Est, deux millions dans le Pacifique). Elle est... (AU)

Homoeopathic treatment of cholera in Peru

The medical charity Homeopaths sans Frontieres sent a mission to a shanty town in Peru during the current cholera epidemic. Homoeopathic treatment was combined with fluid and electrolyte therapy. Results appeared favourable. A small-scale uncontrolled study is reported. Further studies are being undertaken

Mission against cholera in Peru

With enthusiasm and hard work, doctors from "Homoeopaths sans Frontiers" (HSF) have implemented the use of homoeopathy as an adjunct in the treatment of cholera during the epidemic in Peru. Under homoeopathic treatment recovery rate is rapidly improved. Apart from the help afforded to this badly hit population, the team are at the same time conducting a double-blind control study to assess the efficacy of the homoeopathic treatment. This is a great moment for homoeopathy - and may be the second time in history, when cholera epidemics lead to a break through in homoeopathy. Links is proud to be able to publish the first report of this project